Dyscalculia is a specific learning disability that affects a person's ability to understand numbers and learn math facts and concepts. It is characterised by difficulties with:

​

• Understanding the meaning of numbers and quantities.

• Grasping basic math concepts like bigger vs. smaller. 

• Performing mathematical calculations.

• Remembering math facts and procedures.

• Applying mathematical principles to solve problems.

 

Dyscalculia is a lifelong condition that is present from an early age, often becoming apparent when a child starts learning math in school.  It is not caused by intellectual disability or lack of education, and can occur across all ages and ability levels.

​

Estimates suggest dyscalculia affects 3-7% of the population.   It is sometimes referred to as "math dyslexia", but this is misleading as dyscalculia and dyslexia are distinct conditions. Dyscalculia is associated with differences in brain structure and function in areas involved in mathematical processing.

 

While dyscalculia cannot be cured, evidence-based interventions and accommodations can help individuals with dyscalculia improve their math skills and manage the challenges they face. Early identification and targeted support are key to helping those with dyscalculia reach their full potential in math.

​

Supporting students with dyscalculia involves using evidence-based practices that address their specific difficulties with mathematical concepts and skills. Here are some strategies supported by research:

 

Multi-Sensory Instruction 

​

• Provide hands-on, experiential learning opportunities that engage multiple senses (such as sight, touch, and movement) to reinforce mathematical concepts.

• Use manipulatives, real-life objects, and visual aids to make abstract math concepts more concrete and tangible.

 

Explicit Instruction

​

• Break down mathematical concepts and procedures into clear, step-by-step instructions. Provide explicit teaching of math skills, including how to use strategies and algorithms, and offer ample opportunities for guided practice and feedback.

 

Visual Representations

​

• Use visual representations such as diagrams, charts, and graphic organizers to help students with dyscalculia visualize mathematical concepts and relationships. Visual aids can enhance understanding and memory retention of math concepts.

 

Conceptual Understanding

​​

• Focus on building students' conceptual understanding of mathematical concepts rather than solely relying on rote memorization of procedures.

• Help students make connections between mathematical ideas and apply them to real-world situations.

 

Differentiated Instruction

​

• Differentiate instruction to meet the individual needs and learning styles of students with dyscalculia. Provide varied levels of support, scaffolding, and pacing based on students' abilities and readiness levels.

 

Structured and Sequential Approach

​

• Teach math concepts in a structured and sequential manner, starting with foundational skills and gradually building upon them. Break down complex concepts into smaller, more manageable steps to support comprehension and mastery.

 

Math Fact Fluency Practice

​

• Provide frequent and systematic practice opportunities for students to develop fluency with basic math facts (such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division).

• Use games, drills, and online resources to make practice engaging and fun.

 

Real-World Application

​

• Integrate math instruction into meaningful, real-life contexts and activities that are relevant to students' interests and experiences.

• Help students see the practical applications of math in everyday situations and problem-solving scenarios.

 

Assistive Technology

​

• Utilise assistive technology tools and software to support students with dyscalculia in their math learning. This may include calculators, math apps, screen readers, and other assistive devices that can help students access and manipulate mathematical information more easily.

 

Progress Monitoring and Feedback

​

• Regularly assess students' progress in math skills and provide timely feedback on their strengths and areas for improvement. Adjust instruction and intervention strategies based on students' individual needs and progress.

 

By implementing these evidence-based practices, educators can effectively support students with dyscalculia in developing mathematical understanding, skills, and confidence, ultimately promoting their academic success in math.